195 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
195 lines
20 KiB
Markdown
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# Cloudwall e kholo
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---
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## Stop Cloudflare
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| 🖹 | 🖼 |
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| --- | --- |
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| "Cloudwall" e kholo ke Cloudflare Inc., k'hamphani ea U.S. E fana ka lits'ebeletso tsa CDN (netweke ea phepelo ea litaba), ts'ebetso ea DDoS, ts'ireletso ea inthanete, le lits'ebeletso tsa DNS (seva tsa lebitso la domain). |  |
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| Cloudflare ke projeke e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng ea MITM (reverse proxy). Cloudflare e na le karolo e fetang 80% ea karolo ea 'maraka ea CDN mme palo ea basebelisi ba Cloudflare e ntse e eketseha letsatsi le leng le le leng. Ba hodisitse khokahano ea bona ea linaha tse fetang 100. Cloudflare e sebeletsa sephethephethe sa webo ho feta Twitter, Amazon, Apple, Instagram, Bing & Wikipedia e kopantsoeng. Cloudflare e fana ka moralo oa mahala 'me batho ba bangata ba e sebelisa ho fapana le ho hlophisa li-server tsa bona hantle. Ba ne ba rekisa boinotšing ka ho ba bonolo. |  |
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| Cloudflare e lutse pakeng tsa hau le webserver ea tlhaho, e sebetsa joalo ka moemeli oa patrol ea moeli. Ha o khone ho hokela sebakeng seo u se khethileng. U hokahana le Cloudflare 'me tlhaiso-leseling eohle ea hau e ntse e hlakisoa ebe e fuoa mapheo. |  |
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| Motsamaisi oa webserver ea tlhaho o lumelletse moemeli - Cloudflare - ho etsa qeto ea hore na ke mang ea ka fihlelang "thepa ea bona ea marang-rang" le ho hlalosa "sebaka se thibetsoeng". |  |
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| Sheba setšoantšo se nepahetseng. U tla nahana hore Cloudflare thibela feela batho ba fosahetseng. U tla nahana hore Cloudflare e lula e le inthaneteng (le ka mohla u se ke oa theoha). U tla nahana hore li-bots le batsotsi ba ka tsebahatsa liwebosaete tsa hau. |  |
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| Leha ho le joalo tseo ha se 'nete ho hang. Cloudflare e thibela batho ba se nang molato ntle le lebaka. Cloudflare e ka theoha. Cloudflare e thibela bots bots. |  |
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| Joalo ka ts'ebeletso efe kapa efe ea ho amohela, Cloudflare ha e ea nepahala. U tla bona skrini sena leha seva ea tšimoloho e sebetsa hantle. |  |
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| Na u hlile u nahana hore Cloudflare e na le 100% uptime? Ha u tsebe hore na Cloudflare e theoha hangata hakae. Haeba Cloudflare e theoha moreki oa hau a ke ke a kena webosaeteng ea hau. |  <br> |
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| E bitsoa sena ha ho buuoa ka Great Firewall ea China e etsang mosebetsi o tšoanang le oa ho sefa batho ba bangata ho bona litaba tsa webo (ke hore, motho e mong le e mong China le batho ba kantle) ha ka nako e tšoanang ba neng ba sa ameha ho bona sebaka se fapaneng , sebaka sa marang-rang se senang boikemelo joalo ka setšoantšo sa "tank man" le nalane ea "boipelaetso ba" Tiananmen Square ". |  |
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| Cloudflare e na le matla a maholo. Ka tsela e itseng, ba laola seo motho ea qetellang a se bonang qetellong. U thibetsoe ho bala webosaete ka lebaka la Cloudflare. |  |
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| Cloudflare e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa censorship. |  |
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| U ke ke ua sheba sebaka sa marang-rang se koahetsoeng ke marang haeba u sebelisa sebatli se senyenyane seo Cloudflare e ka nahanang hore ke bot (hobane ha se batho ba bangata ba e sebelisang). |  |
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| O ka se fetise "tlhahlobo ea" sebatli se hlaselang ntle le ho etsa hore Javascript. Ena ke tšenyo ea metsotso e mehlano (kapa ho feta) ea bophelo ba hau ba bohlokoa. |  |
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| Cloudflare e boetse e thibela liroboto/marang-rang ka boits'oaro tse kang Google, Yandex, Yacy, le bareki ba API. Cloudflare e ntse e lekola sechaba ka "bypass Cloudflare" sechaba ka sepheo sa ho roba bots ho etsa lipatlisiso. |  |
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| Cloudflare ka mokhoa o ts'oanang e thibela batho ba bangata ba nang le khokahano e mpe ea inthanete ho fihlella liwebosaete tse ka morao ho eona (mohlala, ba ka ba kamora mela e 7+ ea NAT kapa ba arolelana IP e le 'ngoe, mohlala Wifi ea sechaba) ntle le ha ba rarolla li-CAPTCHA tse ngata tsa litšoantšo. Maemong a mang, sena se tla nka metsotso e 10 ho isa ho e 30 ho khotsofatsa Google. |  |
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| Ka selemo sa 2020 Cloudflare e fetotse Recaptcha ea Google ho ea hCaptcha kaha Google e ikemiselitse ho lefisa ts'ebeliso ea eona. Cloudflare o u joetse hore ba tsotella lekunutu la hau ("e thusa ho sebetsana le taba ea boinotšing") empa ho hlakile hore hona ke leshano. Tsohle li mabapi le chelete. "hCaptcha e lumella liwebosaete ho etsa chelete ho sebeletsa tlhoko ena ha e ntse e thibela bots le mefuta e meng ea tlhekefetso" - Ho latela pono ea mosebelisi, sena ha se fetohe haholo. U qobelloa ho e rarolla. |  |
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| Batho ba bangata le software ba ntse ba thibeloa ke Cloudflare letsatsi le leng le le leng. |  |
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| Cloudflare e khopisa batho ba bangata lefatseng ka bophara. Sheba lenane 'me u nahane hore na ho amohela Cloudflare sebakeng sa hau sa marang-rang ho nepahetse bakeng sa boiphihlelo ba mosebelisi. |  |
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| Morero oa inthanete ke eng haeba o sa khone ho etsa seo o se batlang? Batho ba bangata ba etetseng sebaka sa hau sa marang-rang ba tla sheba maqephe a mang haeba ba sa khone ho beha leqephe la sebaka sa marang-rang. Mohlomong ha u thibele baeti leha e le bafe, empa tšireletso ea mollo ea Cloudflare e tiile ka thata ho thibela batho ba bangata. | ? |
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| Ha ho na mokhoa oa ho rarolla Captcha ntle le ho nolofalletsa Javascript le Cookies. Cloudflare e li sebelisa ho etsa signature ea sebatli ho u tseba. Cloudflare e hloka ho tseba boitsebiso ba hau ho etsa qeto ea hore na u bohlokoa ho tsoela pele ho bala sebaka sa marang-rang. |  |
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| Basebelisi ba Tor le basebelisi ba VPN le bona ke lehlatsipa la Cloudflare. Litharollo ka bobeli li sebelisoa ke batho ba bangata ba sa khoneng ho lefella marang-rang a sa sebetseng ka lebaka la leano la bona la naha/la khoebo kapa la marang-rang kapa ba batlang ho eketsa tšireletso ea bona. Cloudflare e hlasela batho ba lihlong 'me e ba qobella ho tima tharollo ea projeke. |  |
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| Haeba u sa ka oa leka Tor ho fihlela motsotso ona, re u khothaletsa ho jarolla Tor Browser mme u etele liwebosaete tseo u li ratang haholo. (Keletso: U se ke oa kena webosaeteng ea hau ea banka kapa webpage ea mmuso kapa ba tla ngolla ak'haonte ea hau. Sebelisa VPN bakeng sa liwebsaete tseo.) |  |
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| U kanna ua batla ho re "Tor ha e molaong! Basebelisi ba Tor ke botlokotsebe! Tor e mpe!". Che. O kanna oa ithuta ka Tor thelevisheneng, a re Tor e ka sebelisoa ho sheba lithunya tse lefifi le tsa khoebo, lithethefatsi kapa lithebe tsa bootsoa. Le ha polelo e kaholimo e le 'nete hore ho na le liwebosaete tse ngata tsa mmaraka moo u ka rekang lintho tse joalo, libaka tseo tsa marang-rang li boetse li hlaha le ho clearnet. |  |
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| Tor e ntlafalitsoe ke Sesole sa US, empa Tor ea hona joale e ntlafatsoa ke projeke ea Tor. Ho na le batho le mekhatlo e mengata e sebelisang Tor ho kenyelletsa metsoalle ea hau ea ka moso. Kahoo, haeba u sebelisa Cloudflare webosaeteng ea hau u thibela batho ba 'nete. U tla lahleheloa ke setsoalle le khoebo. |  |
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| Mme ts'ebeletso ea bona ea DNS, 1.1.1.1, e ntse e sefa basebelisi ho etela webosaete ka ho khutlisetsa aterese ea IP e seng e le ea Cloudflare, IPhost ea lehae e kang "127.0.0.x", kapa ho sa khutle letho. | ![]]/media/branch/master/image/cferr1016sp.jpg) |
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| Cloudflare DNS e boetse e hlakola software ea marang-rang ho tloha ho app ea smartphone ho ea papaling ea khomphutha ka lebaka la karabo ea bona e seng nnete ea DNS. Cloudflare DNS e ke ke ea botsa liwebosaete tse ling tsa banka. | ? |
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| 'Me mona u ka nahana, <br> "Ha ke sebelise Tor kapa VPN, ke hobane'ng ha ke lokela ho tsotella?" <br> "Ke tšepa ho bapatsa ka Cloudflare, hobaneng ke lokela ho tsotella" <br> "Webosaete ea ka ke https hore na ke lokela ho tsotella "|  |
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| Haeba u etela sebaka sa marang-rang se sebelisang Cloudflare, ha o arolelane lintlha tsa hau ho mong'a sebaka sa marang-rang feela empa le Cloudflare. Tsela ea projeke ea morao tjena e sebetsa joang. |  |
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| Ho thata ho sekaseka ntle le ho hlakisa sephethephethe sa TLS. |  |
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| Cloudflare e tseba datha tsohle tsa hau joaloka password e tala. |  |
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| Cloudbeed e ka etsahala nako efe kapa efe. |  |
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| Li-https tsa Cloudflare ha li fele. |  |
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| Na u hlile u batla ho arolelana data ea hau le Cloudflare, le agency ea mangolo a 3? |  |
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| Boitsebiso bo fumanehang marang-rang ke "sehlahisoa" seo mmuso le lik'hamphani tse kholo tsa tech li batlang ho se reka. |  |
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| Lefapha la Ts'ireletso ea Lehae la U.S. |  |
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| Cloudflare hape e fana ka tšebeletso ea MAHALA ea VPN e bitsoang "Cloudflare Warp". Haeba u e sebelisa, likhokahano tsohle tsa hau tsa smartphone (kapa khomphutha ea hau) li romelloa ho li-server tsa Cloudflare. Cloudflare e ka tseba hore na u balile webosaete efe, ke maikutlo afe ao u a romileng, bao u buisaneng le bona, jj. Haeba u nahana "oa soasoa? Cloudflare e bolokehile." ka nako eo o hloka ho ithuta hore na VPN e sebetsa joang. |  |
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| Cloudflare e re tšebeletso ea bona ea VPN e etsa hore marang-rang a hau a potlake. Empa VPN e etsa hore khokelo ea hau ea inthanete e liehe ho feta khokahano ea hau e teng. |  |
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| Mohlomong u se u ntse u tseba ka seratsoana sa PRISM. Ke nnete hore AT&T e lumella NSA ho kopitsa data eohle ea marang-rang bakeng sa ho beha leihlo. |  |
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| Ha re re u sebetsa ho NSA, 'me u batla boemo ba inthanete ba moahi e mong le e mong. Ua tseba boholo ba bona ba ts'epa Cloudflare ka bofofu 'me ba e sebelisa - e le' ngoe feela e kenang kahare - ho etsa bonnete ba khokahano ea seva ea khamphani (SSH/RDP), sebaka sa marang-rang, sebaka sa moqoqo, sebaka sa marang-rang, banka ea webosaete, webosaete ea inshorense, enjine ea ho batla, setho sa lekunutu Sebaka sa marang-rang, sebaka sa marang-rang sa mabenkele, mabenkele, webosaete ea video, webosaete ea NSFW le sebaka sa marang-rang se seng molaong U boetse ua tseba hore ba sebelisa tšebeletso ea Cloudflare's DNS ("1.1.1.1") le tšebeletso ea VPN ("Cloudflare Warp") bakeng sa "Sireletseha kapele! boiphihlelo ba inthanete. Ho li kopanya le aterese ea IP ea mosebelisi, menoana ea li-browser, li-cookies le RAY-ID li tla ba molemo ho haha profil ea inthanete ea sepheo. |  |
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| O batla ya bona ya data. U tla etsa Eng? | 
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### Mahe a linotsi a mahala bakeng sa motho e mong le e mong. _Dikama_ tsa likhoele.
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### Se ke oa sebelisa Cloudflare.
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### Ho etsa hore marang-rang a arolelane marang-rang.
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---
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## Ka kopo tsoela pele ho leqephe le hlahlamang: "[Cloudflare Ethics](../README_ethics.md)"
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---
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<details>
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<summary> _click me_
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# # Tlhahiso-leseling le Boitsebiso bo Eketsehileng
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</summary>
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Sebaka sena sa polokelo ke lenane la liwebosaete tse ka morao ho "_The Cloudwall_" e kholo, e thibelang basebelisi ba Tor le li-CDN tse ling.
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** Tsamaiso **
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* [Cloudflare Inc.](../cloudflare_inc/)
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* [Basebelisi ba Cloudflare](../cloudflare_users/)
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* [Domflare Domains](../cloudflare_users/domain/)
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* [Basebelisi ba CDN bao e seng Cloudflare](../not_cloudflare/)
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* [Basebelisi ba Anti-Tor](../anti-tor_users/)
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** Tlhahisoleseling e ngoe **
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* [Mofuta o mokhuts'oane oa README](../README_short.md) ka [Robin Wils](https://linuxrocks.online/@RMW)
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* U kanna oa batla ho botsa hore na hobaneng ASMSM ena .md e na le litšoantšo tse ngata hakana. Ka holim'a mofuta o mokhuts'oane o na le litšoantšo tse fokolang.
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* [Batho ba bangata ba bala feela mantsoe a leng leqephe la mashome a mabeli ho isa ho a mashome a mabeli](https://movableink.com/blog/29-incredible-stats-that-prove-the-power-of-visual-marketing/).
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* [Myth Catalog] [../myth_catalog.md)
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* [Great Cloudwall](sengoloa.txt) ka [Mong. Jeff Cliff](https://shitposter.club/users/jeffcliff)
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* Khoasolla joaloka: PDF [here](../pdf/2019-The_Great_Cloudwall.pdf), ePUB [mona](../pdf/2019-Jeff_Cliff_The_Great_Cloudwall.epub)
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* EBook ea pele (ePUB) e ile ea hlakoloa ke BookRix GmbH ka lebaka la tlolo ea molao ea thepa ea CC0
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* [Setšoantšo sa Padlock se bonts'a khokahano e sireletsehileng ea SSL e thehiloeng w MITM-ed](https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=831835) ka Anonymous
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* [Thibela Global Active Ad eyi Cloudflare](https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/tiketi/24351) ka nym-zone
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* Tekete e ile ea senyeha makhetlo a mangata.
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* E felisitsoe ke [Tor Project](https://lists.torproject.org/pipermail/anti-censorship-team/2020-May/000098.html). Bona [tekete 34175](https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/tiketi/34175).
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* Tekete ea ho qetela [pokello ea polokelo ea litaba tsa morao-rao 24351](https://web.archive.org/web/20200301013104/https://trac.torproject.org/projects/tor/ticket/24351)
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* [Bothata le Cloudflare](https://github.com/privacytools.io/issues/374#issuecomment-460077544) ka libBletchley
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* Ba ne ba kile ba sebelisa Cloudflare nakong e fetileng. E kentse CF-tor empa [o e tlositse](https://github.com/privacytools/privacytools.io/pull/1804).
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* [Cloudflare Watch](http://www.crimeflare.org:82/)
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* [Bohlokoa le likhanyetsano](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloudflare#Criticism_and_contadorses) ka Wikipedia
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* [Letsatsi le leng la bohlokoa ntoeng ho laola, ho hlopha le ho bala inthanete.](https://www.reddit.com/r/privacy/comments/b8dptl/another_landmark_day_in_the_war_to_control/) ke TheGoldenGoose8888
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* [Tlokotsi ea ho itšetleha ka ts'ebeletso e le 'ngoe feela) (https://twitter.com/w3Nicolas/status/1134529316904153089) ([ETSA CF](https://www.digwebinterface.com/?hostnames=ns1.digitalowandle.com % 0D% 0Ans2.digitalo Ocean.com% 0D% 0Ans3.digitalophat.com% 0D% 0Awww.digitalo Ocean.com le mofuta = A & ns = resolutionver le useresolver = 8.8.4.4 & nameservers =)
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</details>
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---
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<details>
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<summary> _click me_
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## O ka etsang?
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</summary>
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* [Bala lethathamo la rona la liketso tse khothalelitsoeng ebe o li arolelana le metsoalle ea hau](../what-to-do.md)
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* [Bala lentsoe la mosebelisi e mong 'me u ngole menahano ea hao](BATHO.md)
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* Batla ho hong ho [Ansero](https://ansero.wodferndripvpe6ib4uz4rtngrnzichnirgn7t5x64gxcyroopbhsuqd.onion/) ([clearnet](https://ansero.eu.org/) kapa [Crimeflare \ #Search](https://crimeflare. wodferndripvpe6ib4uz4rtngrnzichnirgn7t5x64gxcyroopbhsuqd.onion/) ([clearnet](https://crimeflare.eu.org/)).
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* [Ntlafatsa lethathamo la setsi: Litaelo tsa lenane](litaelo.md).
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* [Kenya Cloudflare kapa ketsahalo e amanang le projeke ho nalane](../HISTORY.md).
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* Leka le ho ngola [../tool/script] e ncha (sesebelisoa/).
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* Mona ke tse ling tsa [PDF/ePUB](../pdf/) ho bala.
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---
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### Mabapi le liakhaonto tse seng tsa nnete
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Bakuli ba botlokotsebe ba tseba ka boteng ba litlaleho tse seng tsa nnete tse etsisang lits'ebetso tsa rona tsa semmuso, ekaba Twitter, Facebook, Patreon, OpenCollective, Baahi jj.
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** Ha ho mohla re botsa lengolo tsoibila la hau.
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Ha ho mohla re botsa lebitso la hau.
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Ha ho mohla re botsa boitsebiso ba hau.
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Ha ho mohla re botsang sebaka sa hau.
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Ha ho mohla re kopa monehelo oa hau.
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Ha ho mohla re botsa maikutlo a hau.
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Ha ho mohla re u kopang hore u latele mecha ea litaba ea sechaba.
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Ha ho mohla re botsa mecha ea litaba ea sechaba. **
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# SE KE UA TUSTEPA HO FUMANA LITLHAKISO.
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---
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</details>
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